ABSTRACT
Since COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, scholars and practitioners have put much effort into testing effective advertising strategies for COVID-19 vaccinations. Guided by humor theories, this study aimed to examine (1) the effect of humor on persuading COVID-19 vaccination and (2) the moderating role of trust in government for the unvaccinated population. Across two studies (college students and general adult populations), for lower trust in government individuals, through greater public service advertisement (PSA) processing depth and believability, there was a higher vaccination intention after the humor (non-humor) advertisement. For higher trust in government individuals, there was evidence that the vaccination intention was lowered after the humor (vs. non-humor) message through lowered PSA processing depth and believability. This study expands humor theory into testing COVID-19 vaccination messages while considering an individual psychological factor, trust in the government, that has emerged as an essential determinant to COVID-19 messaging. The contributions to COVID-19 vaccination advertising strategy and advertising to the unvaccinated population, in general, are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, large-scale vaccinations have been performed worldwide without sufficient verification of safety profiles. So far, little is known about skin manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination in Korean patients. Objective: We investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who had skin manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed me data of 123 patients that presented with skin manifestations within 1 month after COVID-19 vaccination from two tertiary referral hospitals in Korea. The types of COVID-19 vaccinations administered to the patients, demographics, comorbidities, and clinical course of the patients were obtained from the data. Statistical analyses of the extracted data were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Skin manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination were mostly observed in patients in their 40s (23.6%), according to our data. Urticarial eruption was the most common manifestation, followed by macular rash (17.1%) and papulosquamous eruption (17.1%). Notably, 70% of the patients showed delayed reactions. More than half of the patients showed a good prognosis, and their symptoms were relieved with conservative treatment, including corti-costeroids and antihistamines, even after additional vaccination. Conclusion: We statistically analyzed the prevalence and characteristics of skin manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination. Urticarial eruptions are the most common skin manifestations associated with the COVID-19 vacci¬nation. We believe that this real-world retrospective study will provide valuable information for doctors who treat patients with skin manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination by providing real-world experience in Korea. (Korean J Dermatol 2022;60(9):576~584). © 2022 Korean Dermatological Association. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: There are limited data on factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in patients with asthma. Thus, we aimed to evaluate factors related to severe COVID-19. Method: The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) provided researchers with an anonymized national cohort of 5,628 patients with confirmed COVID-19, who had completed treatment or quarantine as of April 30, 2020. We evaluated factors associated with severe COVID-19, defined as cases requiring oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment in addition to those who died after a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: Of the 5,628 patients confirmed with COVID-19, 128 (2.3%) had asthma. Among the 128 asthma patients, 32 (25%) had severe COVID-19 and 96 (75%) had non-severe COVID-19. Among asthmatic patients, those with severe COVID-19 were significantly older, had more dyspnea and fever, more comorbidities, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts than those with non-severe COVID-19. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18- 41.81), low lymphocyte (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86- 0.97), and low platelet (aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98- 0.99) counts were independently associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusion: In conclusion, among asthmatic patients, those with severe COVID-19 were significantly older, had more dyspnea and fever, more comorbidities including COPD, heart failure, and malignancies, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts than those with non-severe COVID-19. Of these, COPD, low lymphocyte count, and low platelet count were independently associated with severe COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Lecture: As most people expect, the COVID-19 pandemic will change our life radically. One of the directions is expected to minimize off-line contacts in daily lives and healthcare is surely not the exception. Big hospitals, which are centralized systems evolved to deliver healthcare most effectively, can become the media of the spread of diseases in some cases and the adoption of a decentralized healthcare system will be a helpful strategy to prevent it. This strategy can be implemented through a smart healthcare system, and it will be one more necessity of a smart healthcare system in our society. Smart healthcare, which will be delivered mainly through online contact, is a very comprehensive concept enabling otherwise not possible healthcare such as health monitoring using life-log data from the wearable device and far beyond the online consultation with a doctor. Although there will be many social, ethical, and technical challenges for smart healthcare, the discussion today will be limited to two challenges, interoperability and protecting the data subjects' rights. Smart healthcare needs to collect and process comprehensive health information from a vast number of data subjects during its development and delivery and the data subjects' rights are highly vulnerable during these processes. Collecting and exchanging health information from various sources such as hospitals, clinics, smartwatches, and so on, inevitably raises the issue of interoperability of the data from different sources. The implementation of smart healthcare requires technical solutions to both challenges. General Data Protection Regulation, recently issued by the EU, deals the data subjects' rights very seriously, such as the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability, the right to object, and the rights in relation to automated decision making and profiling. Technical innovations required to protect these data subjects' rights will be discussed here. Compared to traditional healthcare which mostly dealt with medical data generated within the healthcare facility itself, smart healthcare requires health data beyond the healthcare facilities. Not to mention the life-log data from different wearable devices, even the medical data from different hospitals are not interoperable. Although many health information standards have been proposed, such as Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SMOMED CT), Logical Observation Identifier Name Code (LOINC), Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR), and so on, the adoption of these standards in hospital information system in Korea has been very slow. This low adoption of health information standards in our hospital information system obstructs the so-called, meaningful use of electronic medical records. The necessity of adopting health information standards will be refreshed today. Smart healthcare requires the active participation of health consumers and active participation of health consumers requires their health literacy. Health literacy of health consumers will be fostered by innovative technical aids such as data visualization, the decision support system for consumers, and more. Health literacy will the most powerful driving force of smart healthcare implementation.